For citation:
Osipenko E. V., Yuroshkevich T. A., Shakhov A. A. Rationale and structure of a block system of special physical training for athletes in tumbling on the acrobatic track. Physical Education and University Sport, 2026, vol. 5, iss. 3, pp. 272-279. DOI: 10.18500/2782-4594-2026-5-3-272-279, EDN: NFKAEV
Rationale and structure of a block system of special physical training for athletes in tumbling on the acrobatic track
This article examines the effectiveness of an experimental methodology for improving the special physical training of 14–16-year-old acrobatic tumbling athletes at the training stage. The relevance of the study stems from the contradiction between the increasing complexity of competitive programs in tumbling acrobatics and the insufficient differentiation of physical training methods taking into account the biomechanical specifics of work on the acrobatic track. The aim of the study was to develop and experimentally validate a methodology aimed at improving performance and stability of competitive activity through targeted development of leading physical qualities.
The pedagogical experiment involved 20 acrobatic tumblers (14–16 years, qualification level 1st rank – Candidate Master of Sports), divided into control (CG, n = 10) and experimental (EG, n = 10) groups. The developed methodology included three blocks: development of reactive ability (plyometrics, shock method), static-dynamic stabilization (core exercises), special jumping endurance (extended combinations, interval work). Methods of pedagogical testing, video analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis were applied.
Results showed significant (p < 0.05–0.001) superiority of EG in all key indicators: vertical jump (+13.4% and +3.7%), tenjump test (+10.7% and +2.9%), L-hand hold (+52.9% and +13.0%). The technical score of competitive routine increased by 6.5% in the EG vs 1.8% in the CG (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a strong relationship between jumping ability and technical performance (r = 0.82, p < 0.01).
The block system of special physical training provides more effective development of speed-strength qualities, core muscle strength endurance, and special jumping endurance compared to traditional methods, confirming the need for a differentiated approach to physical training of acrobatic tumblers.
- Federation Internationale de Gymnastique. Acrobatic Gymnastics Code of Points 2022–2024. Lausanne, FIG, 2022. 76 p.
- Panina N. S., Tikhonova I. V., Ivanova A. I., Pseush S. E. Technology of preparation for competitive activities of tumblers. Physical Education, Sports – Science and Practice, 2024, no. 3, pp. 52–58 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.53742/1999-6799/3_2024_52-58, EDN: IDUHPG
- Matveev L. P. Teoriya i metodika fizicheskoy kul’tury [Theory and methodology of physical culture]. 5th ed. Moscow, Sport, 2025. 520 p. (in Russian).
- Di Lascio G., Giardullo G., Mazza F., Esposito G., Manzi V., Raiola G. Influence of ankle joint mobility on stretch-shortening cycle contribution in vertical jump performance. Applied Sciences, 2026, vol. 16, art. 3668. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16083668
- Liu C., Wang Y. Research on the application of biomechanical analysis in optimizing movement techniques in physical education teaching. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 2025, vol. 22, no. 4, art. 926. https://doi.org/10.62617/mcb926
- Roupa I., da Silva M. R., Marques F., Gonçalves S. B., Flores P., Tavares da Silva M. On the modeling of biomechanical systems for human movement analysis: A narrative review. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 2022, vol. 29, pp. 4915–4958. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-022-09757-0
- Stone M. H., Hornsby W. G., Haff G. G., Fry A. C., Suarez D. G., Liu J., Gonzalez-Rave J. M., Pierce K. C. Periodization and block periodization in sports: Emphasis on strength-power training – a provocative and challenging narrative. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2021, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 2351–2371. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004050
- Rodriguez-Redondo Y., Carlos-Vivas J., Leon K. The effect of plyometric training on gymnasts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 2025, vol. 17, iss. 3, pp. 397–420. https://doi.org/10.52165/sgj.17.3.397-420
- Kumaritov A. V. Adaptation of athlete’s body to high physical exertion. Science Bulletin, 2023, no. 12 (69), vol. 3, pp. 1215–1222 (in Russian). EDN: MKVVWW
- Shestakov E. A. Gymnastics and the transition age of gymnasts: The effect of height on technique and morphofunctional parameters. Science Bulletin, 2025, no. 12 (93), pp. 992–1009 (in Russian). EDN: UMHKCC
- Falahudin A., Rismayadi A., Novian G. The effect of adding core stability training to plyometric training on increasing jump height. Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport, 2025, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 126–131.
- Petrova M. A. Muscle structure and biomechanics of muscle contraction. Science Bulletin, 2021, no. 11 (44), vol. 4, pp. 114–119 (in Russian). EDN: OAQDBQ
- Huiberts R. O., Wüst R. C. I., van der Zwaard S. Concurrent strength and endurance training: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of sex and training status. Sports Medicine, 2024, vol. 54, pp. 485–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01943-9
- Zolotavina M. L. Biokhimicheskie i fiziologicheskie osnovy adaptatsiy [Biochemical and physiological foundations of adaptation]. Krasnodar, Kuban State University Publ., 2022. 80 p. (in Russian).
- Gromov A. M. Biomechanical analysis in sports training: Innovative technologies and methods of improving athletes’ technique. Young Scholar, 2025, no. 48 (599), pp. 546–548 (in Russian). EDN: EOVPXC